Numeral system -Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hex Decimal

Numeral system

A numeral system (or system of numeration) is a writing system for expressing numbers, that is, a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. It can be seen as the context that allows the symbols "11" to be interpreted as the binary symbol for three, the decimal symbol for eleven, or a symbol for other numbers in different bases.

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The number the numeral represents is called its value.

Ideally, a numeral system will:

    Represent a useful set of numbers (e.g. all integers, or rational numbers)
    Give every number represented a unique representation (or at least a standard representation)
    Reflect the algebraic and arithmetic structure of the numbers.

For example, the usual decimal representation of whole numbers gives every non zero whole number a unique representation as a finite sequence of digits, beginning by a non-zero digit. However, when decimal representation is used for the rational or real numbers, such numbers in general have an infinite number of representations, for example 2.31 can also be written as 2.310, 2.3100000, 2.309999999..., etc., all of which have the same meaning except for some scientific and other contexts where greater precision is implied by a larger number of figures shown.

Numeral systems are sometimes called number systems, but that name is ambiguous, as it could refer to different systems of numbers, such as the system of real numbers, the system of complex numbers, the system of p-adic numbers, etc. Such systems are not the topic of this article. Reed More .....
source-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeral_system

Type of Number System

• Binary Numeral System
• Octal Numeral System
• Decimal Numeral System
• Hex Decimal Numeral System

Read- Different between primary memory and Secondary memory

Numeral System

b - numeral system base
d_n - the n-th digit
n - can start from negative number if the number has a fraction part.
N+1 - the number of digits

Binary Numeral System - Base-2

Binary numbers uses only 0 and 1 digits.
B denotes binary prefix.

Examples:

10101₂ = 10101B = 1×2⁴+0×2³+1×2²+0×2¹+1×2⁰ = 16+4+1= 21

10111₂ = 10111B = 1×2⁴+0×2³+1×2²+1×2¹+1×2⁰ = 16+4+2+1= 23

100011₂ = 100011B = 1×2⁵+0×2⁴+0×2³+0×2²+1×2¹+1×2⁰ =32+2+1= 35

Octal Numeral System - Base-8

Octal numbers uses digits from 0..7.

Examples:

27₈ = 2×8¹+7×8⁰ = 16+7 = 23

30₈ = 3×8¹+0×8⁰ = 24

4307₈ = 4×8³+3×8²+0×8¹+7×8⁰= 2247

Decimal Numeral System - Base-10

Decimal numbers uses digits from 0..9.
These are the regular numbers that we use.

Example:

2538₁₀ = 2×10³+5×10²+3×10¹+8×10⁰

Hexadecimal Numeral System - Base-16

Hex numbers uses digits from 0..9 and A..F.
H denotes hex prefix.

Examples:

28₁₆ = 28H = 2×16¹+8×16⁰ = 40

2F₁₆ = 2FH = 2×16¹+15×16⁰ = 47

BC12₁₆ = BC12H = 11×16³+12×16²+1×16¹+2×16⁰= 48146

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Number System Conversion Table 

 Number syetem Base and Digit

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